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		<h1 class="catchCopy">姿勢制御能力改善のための理学療法介入に必要な知識と技術を集約！</h1>
		

		<h1 class="title titleWidth">姿勢制御と理学療法の実際<span class="version"></span></h1>
		

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					編集：淺井　仁（金沢大学大学院教授）
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					<span class="transparent">編集</span>　奈良　勲（金城大学教授・元学長／広島大学名誉教授）
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				<ul class="property"><li class="disc">B5判・440頁・2色刷</li><li class="disc">ISBN&nbsp;978-4-8306-4535-8</li><li class="disc">2016年4月21日発行</li></ul>

				
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		<div class="headers"><h3 class="current content">内容</h3><h3 class="preface">序文</h3><h3 class="indexes">主要目次</h3></div><section class="current content">姿勢制御機能の評価法，疾患に特有な姿勢とその改善のための理学療法，アスリートに求められる姿勢制御能力とその再獲得のための理学療法について，実例を挙げながら解説した．さらに各ライフステージにおけるヒトの姿勢制御の特徴や，生物の進化を通してヒトの姿勢制御を考えるべく動物の姿勢制御についても概説する．</section><section class="preface">序　文<br><br>　世界的にみても，人を対象にした「姿勢制御」に関する研究は古くからいろいろな分野で行われ，既刊書も数多い．理学療法は，身体機能・運動機能低下，機能不全などの状態に陥った対象者（出生前・時・後）のハビリテーション・リハビリテーションを目的とした治療手段の1つである．その中でも，国際機能生活分類（ICF）の観点から，理学療法の最も重要な目的は，姿勢制御機能の改善を基軸にした活動や生活機能の改善を図り，社会参加への支援を目指すことであると考える．人（ヒト）は，出生後に重力環境下で生きてゆくことを強いられ，二足歩行を獲得するまで約1年前後（最近は早めに歩ける児もいる）の期間を要する．つまり，理学療法は，人が重力環境下で適応もしくは再適応して生活してゆくことを獲得するために行われる．それゆえ，人の重力環境への適応は生物としての進化の過程に基づいていること，重力と姿勢との関係が人のライフサイクル（例えば，乳児期，幼児期，老年期）に応じて変容することを銘記しておく必要がある．<br>　一方，種々の疾患によって，姿勢を制御する機能や動作能力が低下した症例には，各疾患の症状に応じた理学療法を行うことは言うまでもない．中枢神経疾患によって姿勢制御機能の重度な低下を呈している症例には，重力下での姿勢保持はもとより頭頸部を安定して保持することができないことがあり，頭頸部を重力下に位置づける（定頸させる）ことから治療を始めることが必要となる．また，下肢関節の機能不全を呈した症例が人工関節の置換術を施行されても，術後しばらくの間は立位や歩行の様相が術前と変わらないことがある．人工関節置換術を施行されるまでの経過が長いほど，このような傾向がみられる印象が高い．さらに，スポーツ選手を対象にした理学療法介入時には，スキージャンプの空中姿勢，フィギュアスケートの滑走姿勢，サッカー時に足でボールを操るときの姿勢など，スポーツ種目における特徴的な姿勢制御のメカニズムについても知っておくことが重要である．これらの中枢神経疾患，運動器疾患などによる姿勢制御機能の低下に対して，姿勢制御機能を学習理論に基づいて改善させることが理学療法士の「知と技」の最大の能力であると確信する．<br>　本書の企画意図は，それぞれの実践場面で活用することであるが，中でも3つの要点に焦点を絞った．1点は，「姿勢制御能の改善」をキーコンセプトとして，各種疾患に特有な姿勢とその姿勢に至る機序，姿勢制御の改善のための理学療法について症例を示しながら概説して，臥位，座位，立位などの姿勢の意義を改めて問い直すことである．2点は，今後，スポーツ選手を対象とした理学療法の必要性がますます高まる時代，スポーツ種目に特有な姿勢制御能を再獲得するための方法論を究めて，選手の最高のパフォーマンスを一刻も早く引き出すための理学療法士の「知と技」を確立させることである．最後の3点目は，姿勢制御を動物の進化と人のライフスパンにおける重要な要因として位置づけることである．<br>　本書は5章構成とし，第I章では，姿勢制御機能の評価法，第II章では，各種症例に特有な姿勢とその制御能力の改善のための理学療法，第III章では，スポーツ選手を対象にした種目に特有な姿勢とその改善のための理学療法，そして第Ⅳ章では人のライフスパンにおける姿勢制御について執筆をお願いした．第II章では一部内部疾患にも言及し，第IV章では座位姿勢について作業療法士の視点からも言及してもらった．第V章では動物の進化を通して人の姿勢制御を考えるために，甲殻類の姿勢制御のメカニズム，四足動物の姿勢制御のメカニズム，類人猿の姿勢制御として体幹機能について，それぞれの専門の諸氏に執筆をお願いした．本書では，引用文献，法律用語などを除き，「訓練，障害，障害者」の用語の使用を控え，それに代わるより適切と思われる用語を用いたことを付記しておきたい．<br><br>2016年4月<br>編集代表 　淺井　仁</section><section class="indexes">I章　姿勢制御の評価<br>1 臨床における姿勢制御機能評価<br>　I　はじめに<br>　II　姿勢制御能力の構成要素<br>　III　姿勢制御構成要素の評価 <br>　IV　総合力としての姿勢制御評価<br>　V　まとめ<br>2 機材を用いた姿勢制御機構の評価<br>　1）床反力計<br>　I　測定原理と較正<br>　II　得られたデータの解釈<br>　III　測定限界<br>　2）3次元動作解析装置<br>　I　測定原理と較正<br>　II　得られたデータの解釈<br>　III　測定限界 <br>II章　疾患と姿勢制御<br>1 運動器疾患<br>　1）変形性股関節症<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　おわりに<br>　2）変形性膝関節症<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　3）頸椎・胸椎疾患<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力の低下<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　4）腰椎疾患<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　おわりに<br>　5）下肢切断<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　6）筋ジストロフィー<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>2 神経系機能不全<br>　1）脳卒中と座位<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　2）脳卒中と立位<br>　I　姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　3）パーキンソニズム<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　4）小脳性失調症<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　おわりに<br>　5）嚥下機能低下<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　おわりに<br>　6）前庭迷路系機能不全<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力低下を改善するための運動療法<br>　7）精神疾患<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　今後の展望<br>3 脳性麻痺等，小児<br>　1）痙直型四肢麻痺<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　2）痙直型両麻痺<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　3）アテトーゼタイプ<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>4 内部疾患<br>　1）慢性閉塞性肺疾患<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　2）心不全<br>　I　主な病態と姿勢制御能力低下の特徴<br>　II　姿勢制御能力低下のメカニズム<br>　III　姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>III章　アスリートの姿勢制御<br>1 柔道<br>　I　競技に特有な姿勢とその制御<br>　II　損傷の特徴と発生のメカニズム<br>　III　競技復帰に向けた姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　損傷を予防するための姿勢制御能力の獲得<br>2 バレーボール<br>　I　競技に特有な姿勢とその制御<br>　II　損傷の特徴と発生のメカニズム<br>　III　競技復帰に向けた姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　損傷を予防するための姿勢制御能力の獲得<br>3 野球（投球動作）<br>　I　競技に特有な姿勢とその制御<br>　II　損傷の特徴と発生のメカニズム<br>　III　競技復帰に向けた姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　損傷を予防するための姿勢制御能力の獲得<br>4 サッカー<br>　I　競技に特有な姿勢とその制御<br>　II　損傷の特徴と発生のメカニズム<br>　III　競技復帰に向けた姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　損傷を予防するための姿勢制御能力の獲得<br>5 走競技<br>　I　競技に特有な姿勢とその制御<br>　II　損傷の特徴と発生のメカニズム<br>　III　競技復帰に向けた姿勢制御能力を改善するための運動療法<br>　IV　損傷を予防するための姿勢制御能力の獲得<br>IV章　生涯期の姿勢制御<br>1 乳児の姿勢<br>　I　胎児の姿勢変化<br>　II　新生児<br>2 幼児の姿勢<br>　I　幼児期の運動発達における姿勢の変化<br>　II　幼児期の立位姿勢制御の発達<br>3 成人の姿勢<br>　1）成人の座位・立位姿勢の意義と制御<br>　I　成人の座位・立位姿勢の意義と姿勢制御<br>　II　成人の立位姿勢制御<br>　III　成人の座位姿勢制御<br>　2）座位保持制御と活動<br>　I　座位と坐位の違い<br>　II　なぜ椅子座位の時間が増大したのか<br>　III　座位保持に必要な要因<br>　IV　良い座位姿勢の条件<br>　V　ボール座位による骨盤移動<br>　VI　座位姿勢とリーチ活動<br>　VII　座位姿勢と食事動作<br>　VIII　座位姿勢と更衣動作<br>　IX　机上作業の作業種目と机上面高<br>　X　机上活動における上肢の平面作業域<br>　3）立位位置の知覚と感覚情報<br>　I　立位位置の知覚能<br>　II　立位位置の知覚と感覚情報<br>　III　まとめ<br>4 高齢者の姿勢<br>　1）高齢者の姿勢の特徴とその制御 <br>　I　姿勢の変化<br>　II　姿勢バランス<br>　2）高齢者の座位姿勢と骨盤の傾き<br>　I　高齢者の座位姿勢の特徴<br>　II　座位姿勢における骨盤の可動性<br>　III　座位姿勢の制御と感覚情報との関係<br>V章　生物の進化と姿勢制御<br>1 甲殻類の姿勢<br>　I　姿勢制御の動物学<br>　II　進化における位置づけ<br>　III　姿勢制御の特徴とメカニズム<br>　IV　ヒトの姿勢制御メカニズムとの関連性<br>　V　おわりに<br>2 ‌四足動物の姿勢─歩行運動時の姿勢─<br>　I　四足動物の上陸<br>　II　四足動物の体<br>　III　哺乳類の四肢と脊柱<br>　IV　姿勢制御システム<br>　V　四足動物とヒト<br>　VI　まとめ<br>3 類人猿の姿勢制御<br>　I　進化における位置づけ：類人猿とは<br>　II　姿勢制御の特徴とメカニズム<br>　III　ヒトの姿勢制御メカニズムとの関連性<br>索引</section></article>
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